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Janet Chance (10 February 1886 – 18 December 1953) was a British feminist writer, sex education advocate and birth control and abortion law reformer. ==Life== Born in Edinburgh, Scotland to Scottish Calvinist minister and New College principal Alexander Whyte and Jane Elizabeth Barbour, Janet Whyte married successful chemical firm owner and stockbroker Clinton Frederick Chance in 1912. The couple soon moved to London, England where they both became enthusiastic advocate and financial supporters of the English Malthusian League and the efforts of American reformer Margaret Sanger and the birth control movement. Despite suffering from intermittent bouts of depression, Janet Chance threw herself into work becoming a member of the Workers' Birth Control Group (WBCG), founded in 1924 by birth control advocates Stella Browne and Dora Russell to give women wider access to birth control information. Chance was so moved by the plight of poor and working-class women who had no knowledge of sex and reproduction and no access to the latest available contraceptive methods that she helped run a sex education centre in the East End of London.〔Stephen Brooke, ‘Chance , Janet (1886–1953)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, May 2006; (Online Edition ), accessed 26 April 2013 Jan 2008〕 She gave a report, “A Marriage Education Centre in London,” at the Third Congress of the World League for Sexual Reform in London in September 1929.〔Norman Haire, ed. ''Proceedings of the Third Sexual Reform Congress'' (WLSR: London, 1929):37-39〕 Convinced that a large part of the problem lay in the repressed, provincial British view of sex and reproduction, Chance wrote several books on the importance of acknowledging women's sexuality and educating them about it, reflecting, albeit in modest terms, the views of the sex reform movement. These included ''The Cost of English Morals'',〔Janet Chance,''The Cost of English Morals'' (London: Neil Douglas, 1931)〕 ''Intellectual Crime'',〔Janet Chance, ''Intellectual Crime'' (London: Neil Douglas, 1933)〕 and ''The Romance of Reality'' 〔Janet Chance, ''The Romance of Reality'' (London: Neil Douglas, 1934)〕 Chance was increasingly convinced that a large part of the problem lay in the fact that birth control options for poor women, especially were limited and in many cases their only option was abortion. but abortion was illegal in all cases in Great Britain under the 1861 Offences against the Person Act, was made legal only to save the life of the mother under the 1929 Infant Life Act To this end, in 1936 Chance helped found and support the Abortion Law Reform Association (ALRA) with physician Joan Malleson and WBCG colleague Alice Jenkins. Working through Women's Co-operative Guilds and the Labour Party, the ALRA sought to pressure politicians to support the notion that women should have the power to decide if their own pregnancies would be terminated.〔Brooke, Stephen. 'A New World for Women"? Abortion Law Reform in Britain during the 1930s,' ''American Historical Review'' 106:2 (2001):432〕 During the late 1930s, Janet Chance also worked to help get refugees out of Germany, Austria and other Nazi-occupied nations, even traveling to Vienna and Prague in the summer of 1938. Among those she was trying to help were Austrian actress Lilia Skala, Ludwig Chiavacci and Sidonie Furst.〔Janet Chance to MS, July 22 and Aug. 9, 1938, Margaret Sanger Papers, Library of Congress microfilm, reel 16 frames 670 and 904).〕 She also continued to chair the ALRA through World War II, helping to keep the organization alive and ready for a post-war resurgence. But after the war, the ALRA shifted from pressuring Labour Party members, to campaigning more generally for a new parliamentary law by pushing for a private member's bill. However, they were unsuccessful until the 1967 passage of an Abortion bill. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Janet Chance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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